Assessment of Bio-Based Polymeric Composites for Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

3D printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) has transformed aero space, automobile, biomedical, and power related industries. Polymeric composites are also increasingly considered as one of the materials used in AM since they are light in weight, economical and hold the promise of improved mechanical properties. This paper examines the trade offs between bio- and petroleum-derived polymer and looks into the sustainable development. PLA and PHA biopolymer will have lower carbon footprints and biodegradability, and other conventional polymers such as ABS and PETG will offer better strength but at the expense of the environment. The paper analyzes a series of bio-based and non- bio- based polymer matrix which have been reinforced with natural fibers or nanomaterials, which are processed through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). Their performance and durability are tested using mechanical, thermal and microstructural tests. To compare the effects on the environment of these materials, input is given in a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with attention on the carbon footprint, the use and consumption of energy, and water consumption. The results also indicate the environmental benefits of the bio-based polymers and provide areas where the performance gaps still exist. This study presents experimental data and decision-making model that can push sustainable polymer composite AM development to meet cleaner production and the circular economy manufacturing intentions.